{"id":6130,"date":"2023-02-16T14:10:57","date_gmt":"2023-02-16T14:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hti.mirex.gob.do\/consular\/puerto-principe\/?p=6130"},"modified":"2023-02-24T17:40:59","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T17:40:59","slug":"canciller-roberto-alvarez-afirma-proyecto-de-ley-de-trata-no-cambiara-reglas-migratorias-del-pais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hti.mirex.gob.do\/consular\/puerto-principe\/canciller-roberto-alvarez-afirma-proyecto-de-ley-de-trata-no-cambiara-reglas-migratorias-del-pais\/","title":{"rendered":"Canciller Roberto \u00c1lvarez afirma Proyecto de Ley de Trata no cambiar\u00e1 reglas migratorias del pa\u00eds"},"content":{"rendered":"

Santo Domingo de Guzm\u00e1n, Rep\u00fablica Dominicana._ En un art\u00edculo de su autor\u00eda publicado este 16 de febrero de 2023 en el peri\u00f3dico List\u00edn Diario, el canciller Roberto \u00c1lvarez afirm\u00f3 que el proyecto de modificaci\u00f3n a la ley 137-03 sobre Trata de Personas y Tr\u00e1fico Il\u00edcito de Migrantes no regula el refugio o el asilo de las v\u00edctimas ni sustituye la Ley General de Migraci\u00f3n 285-04.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Acontinuaci\u00f3n el texto \u00edntegro del escrito period\u00edstico firmado para el \u201cDecano de la prensa\u201d por el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores titulado: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Reflexiones sobre el anteproyecto de ley de trata de personas<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La trata de personas es uno de los delitos m\u00e1s graves,\u00a0pues\u00a0implica una violaci\u00f3n elemental a la dignidad del\u00a0ser humano\u00a0<\/span><\/span>y, por<\/span><\/span> tanto,\u00a0su prevenci\u00f3n y sanci\u00f3n es una prioridad para toda la\u00a0humanidad. Las v\u00edctimas\u00a0son personas\u00a0que\u00a0han sido captadas y retenidas,\u00a0mediante el uso de la violencia o el enga\u00f1o,\u00a0por individuos\u00a0o\u00a0grupos\u00a0delictivos\u00a0con fines de explotaci\u00f3n o esclavitud. Por ejemplo, en 2016, las autoridades dominicanas rescataron a 42 venezolanas y colombianas que estaban siendo explotadas\u00a0sexualmente por una red criminal en la ciudad de Santiago. Debido a las\u00a0insuficiencias\u00a0del sistema\u00a0y\u00a0la<\/span><\/span> obsoleta\u00a0Ley 137-03\u00a0sobre <\/span><\/span>T<\/span><\/span>r\u00e1fico <\/span><\/span>I<\/span><\/span>l\u00edcito de <\/span><\/span>M<\/span><\/span>igrantes y <\/span><\/span>T<\/span><\/span>rata de <\/span><\/span>P<\/span><\/span>ersonas, que no proporciona las medidas o el personal adecuado,\u00a0las<\/span><\/span> abogadas del <\/span><\/span>M<\/span><\/span>inisterio <\/span><\/span>P<\/span><\/span>\u00fablico<\/span><\/span>\u00a0encargadas del\u00a0llamado\u00a0caso\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Casablanca<\/span><\/span>\u00a0tuvieron que brindar ellas mismas los cuidados y protecci\u00f3n a las v\u00edctimas,\u00a0encerr\u00e1ndose junto a ellas, a riesgo personal, en una vivienda incautada durante dos semanas. Esto fue necesario para que las v\u00edctimas pudieran\u00a0presentar\u00a0sus\u00a0testimonios\u00a0en el caso,\u00a0antes de regresar\u00a0a sus pa\u00edses.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Es importante resaltar que, en\u00a0los cinco a\u00f1os anteriores a 2022,<\/span><\/span> en el pa\u00eds se\u00a0identificaron\u00a0y atendi<\/span><\/span>eron<\/span><\/span> 900 v\u00edctimas de trata,\u00a0y que,\u00a0de acuerdo a\u00a0un estudio en once municipios, en los a\u00f1os 2020 y 2021,\u00a0el 68% de las v\u00edctimas\u00a0de trata\u00a0eran de nacionalidad dominicana (es decir trata interna), el 16% eran venezolanas, el 8% colombianas, el 4% <\/span><\/span>estadounidenses<\/span><\/span> y solo<\/span><\/span> 4% <\/span><\/span>haitianas (Tejeda, Vargas y Martine, 2022, \u201cLuchar contra la marea\u201d: Estudio sobre trata de personas en once municipios de Rep\u00fablica Dominicana).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Debido a las\u00a0severas\u00a0deficiencias de la\u00a0Ley 137-03, el <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>obierno dominicano viene\u00a0elaborando, desde 2019, un nuevo anteproyecto de Ley\u00a0Integral sobre Trata de Personas, Explotaci\u00f3n y Tr\u00e1fico Il\u00edcito de Migrantes, en el marco de\u00a0<\/span><\/span>la Comisi\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> Interinstitucional contra la Trata y Tr\u00e1fico Il\u00edcito de Migrantes\u00a0dominicana\u00a0(CITIM).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Los principales par\u00e1metros internacionales utilizados\u00a0por la CITIM\u00a0en\u00a0el\u00a0anteproyecto\u00a0surgen de\u00a0la Convenci\u00f3n contra la Delincuencia\u00a0Organizada Trasnacional (Convenci\u00f3n de Palermo<\/span><\/span>, ratificada por 190 Estados de 193 que integran la ONU<\/span><\/span>)\u00a0y sus protocolos contra la trata de personas y el tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de migrantes, adoptados por la ONU en\u00a0diciembre de 2000, y ratificados por el <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>obierno dominicano en 2006 y 2007.<\/span><\/span> No ser\u00eda ocioso preguntar\u00a0\u00bfqui\u00e9n era el presidente en esos a\u00f1os? Asimismo: \u00bfqui\u00e9n gobernaba en 2007 cuando\u00a0el Poder Ejecutivo\u00a0cre\u00f3\u00a0la CITIM?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

El expresidente Leonel Fern\u00e1ndez alega\u00a0(<\/span><\/span>List\u00edn<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Diario, 13\/2\/<\/span><\/span>23) que<\/span><\/span> una nueva ley sobre trata\u00a0es innecesaria\u00a0y se refiere al anteproyecto\u00a0como si fuera un plan del gobierno\u00a0\u201cpara incorporar los criterios de los pactos mundiales de migraci\u00f3n y refugiados de las Naciones Unidades y de la Declaraci\u00f3n de los \u00c1ngeles\u201d<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Esto es totalmente falso. El\u00a0expresidente bien sabe que el gobierno\u00a0del presidente Abinader se neg\u00f3 a firmar la Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles sobre Migraci\u00f3n y Refugio, pero insiste en mezclar los temas\u00a0migratorios y de refugio<\/span><\/span>, de manera oportunista a su conveniencia pol\u00edtica de candidato,<\/span><\/span> como si fueran equivalentes o sin\u00f3nimos de trata.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

El anteproyecto <\/span><\/span>sobre trata <\/span><\/span>no\u00a0regula el\u00a0refugio o\u00a0el\u00a0asilo, para lo<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> cual<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span>\u00a0ya existe\u00a0legislaci\u00f3n aparte. Tampoco sustituye o modifica la Ley General de Migraci\u00f3n 285-04.\u00a0S\u00ed tipifica con mayor claridad,\u00a0alcance\u00a0y\u00a0severidad\u00a0las infracciones de trata de personas\u00a0y\u00a0de\u00a0tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito\u00a0de migrantes,\u00a0facilitando\u00a0la persecuci\u00f3n penal.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En cuanto a la tipificaci\u00f3n del delito\u00a0de\u00a0trata,\u00a0el expresidente Fern\u00e1ndez incurre en una ligereza,\u00a0al criticar que se contemple la esclavitud.\u00a0La abolici\u00f3n del sistema esclavista\u00a0obliga a\u00a0<\/span><\/span>la prohibici\u00f3n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0permanente\u00a0del trato esclavizante.\u00a0Por eso,\u00a0la vigente\u00a0Ley\u00a0137-03, as\u00ed como el\u00a0Protocolo\u00a0de Palermo,\u00a0que \u00e9l ratific\u00f3,\u00a0expl\u00edcitamente se\u00f1alan\u00a0\u201cla\u00a0esclavitud\u00a0o\u00a0pr\u00e1cticas an\u00e1logas\u201d\u00a0como conductas t\u00edpicas de la trata de personas. En este contexto,\u00a0se refiere\u00a0a\u00a0las actuaciones delictivas\u00a0de los tratantes sobre las v\u00edctimas, al comportarse como si fueran\u00a0sus\u00a0due\u00f1os.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Otro desacierto del expresidente\u00a0es\u00a0su\u00a0enfoque\u00a0sobre las personas protegidas\u00a0o\u00a0identificadas en el anteproyecto,\u00a0que\u00a0<\/span><\/span>son tres<\/span><\/span> grupos:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0Las personas v\u00edctimas de trata,\u00a0mencionadas al inicio\u00a0de este\u00a0art\u00edculo,\u00a0beneficiarias de los programas de atenci\u00f3n, asistencia y protecci\u00f3n,\u00a0y del principio de no devoluci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Cuando se refiere\u00a0a tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de migrantes, el anteproyecto busca perseguir a las personas\u00a0o entidades\u00a0responsables\u00a0de ese\u00a0delito. Las personas objeto de tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito no son\u00a0consideradas\u00a0v\u00edctimas\u00a0para esta ley\u00a0y\u00a0por lo tanto\u00a0no reciben ninguno de los beneficios.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Los menores de edad y personas con discapacidades ps\u00edquicas o mentales\u00a0que han\u00a0sido objeto de tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de migrantes\u00a0son beneficiarios de los programas de atenci\u00f3n, asistencia y protecci\u00f3n,\u00a0temporalmente,\u00a0ya que,\u00a0si son extranjeros, son sujetos de\u00a0devoluci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

El principio de no devoluci\u00f3n es una regla firmemente establecida en el derecho internacional\u00a0que\u00a0nuestras autoridades siempre han observado; resulta<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0adem\u00e1s<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0obligatorio por\u00a0diversos tratados\u00a0ratificados por el Estado dominicano<\/span><\/span>, de los m\u00e1s importantes cuando<\/span><\/span> \u00e9<\/span><\/span>l ejerc\u00eda el <\/span><\/span>P<\/span><\/span>oder <\/span><\/span>E<\/span><\/span>jecutivo<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0Un Estado no\u00a0puede\u00a0devolver un extranjero a un pa\u00eds en el\u00a0cual\u00a0su vida o su libertad corran peligro por razones\u00a0de\u00a0raza, religi\u00f3n, nacionalidad, pertenencia a determinado grupo social, o\u00a0por\u00a0sus opiniones pol\u00edticas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>M<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>s, e<\/span><\/span>ste principio\u00a0no ha sido obst\u00e1culo para\u00a0que nuestro pa\u00eds\u00a0ejerza\u00a0la\u00a0repatriaci\u00f3n de migrantes irregulares,\u00a0ya que\u00a0es el\u00a0pa\u00eds\u00a0donde\u00a0se encuentre\u00a0el extranjero\u00a0el que tiene el derecho\u00a0a\u00a0decidir, soberanamente,\u00a0si\u00a0el\u00a0riesgo\u00a0es\u00a0real\u00a0o no.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aparentemente el expresidente Fern\u00e1ndez tiene\u00a0el inter\u00e9s de\u00a0instrumentalizar\u00a0la crisis\u00a0haitiana\u00a0y el tema de la inmigraci\u00f3n irregular\u00a0a nuestro pa\u00eds. Sobre la crisis,\u00a0el presidente <\/span><\/span>Luis <\/span><\/span>Ab<\/span><\/span>inader<\/span><\/span> ha<\/span><\/span> sido firme\u00a0y consistente al\u00a0reclamar ante la comunidad internacional\u00a0la necesidad imperativa de asistencia\u00a0a la Polic\u00eda Nacional Haitiana\u00a0para frenar la violencia<\/span><\/span> en ese pa\u00eds<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0enfatizando\u00a0que no hay soluci\u00f3n dominicana a la crisis haitiana.\u00a0Hay que\u00a0desenmascarar\u00a0la hipocres\u00eda de una oposici\u00f3n que gobern\u00f3 por 16 a\u00f1os consecutivos y\u00a0simplemente toler\u00f3\u00a0la inmigraci\u00f3n irregular e incumpli\u00f3\u00a0las normas sobre la materia. Seg\u00fan la Encuesta\u00a0Nacional de\u00a0Inmigrantes 2017\u00a0(ENI-17), el grueso de los inmigrantes que hab\u00eda en 2017\u00a0(el 71.5%)\u00a0ingres\u00f3\u00a0durante los gobiernos del PLD<\/span><\/span>, de Leonel <\/span><\/span>Fern\u00e1ndez<\/span><\/span> y Danilo Medina<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Otro encubrimiento\u00a0sobre este mismo tema\u00a0reside en el hecho de que\u00a0el expresidente Fern\u00e1ndez tard\u00f3\u00a0siete a\u00f1os en adoptar el reglamento obligatorio para la aplicaci\u00f3n de la\u00a0Ley\u00a0285-04, nunca\u00a0convoc\u00f3 al Consejo Nacional de Migraci\u00f3n y tampoco adopt\u00f3 el plan de regularizaci\u00f3n de extranjeros ordenado por la ley.\u00a0Esto\u00a0muestra fehacientemente su poco compromiso por resolver este\u00a0asunto<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span> t<\/span><\/span>odo lo cual ha hecho mucho m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil encontrar\u00a0hoy\u00a0una soluci\u00f3n adecuada.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Resulta inadmisible que\u00a0<\/span><\/span>ahora, el expresidente Fern\u00e1ndez <\/span><\/span>utilice\u00a0una ret\u00f3rica\u00a0pol\u00edtica\u00a0<\/span><\/span>enga\u00f1osa, menoscabando<\/span><\/span> los derechos\u00a0fundamentales de\u00a0mujeres y <\/span><\/span>ni\u00f1as. Es<\/span><\/span> vital que todos los dominicanos, sin importar nuestras diferencias pol\u00edticas, nos unamos en la defensa de nuestro pa\u00eds y la protecci\u00f3n de nuestras leyes. El gobierno\u00a0del presidente Abinader\u00a0ha sido claro en su <\/span><\/span>inquebrantable <\/span><\/span>compromiso <\/span><\/span>en la<\/span><\/span>defen<\/span><\/span>sa<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>la soberan\u00eda y\u00a0los intereses nacionales,\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span><\/span>a la vez en el<\/span><\/span>\u00a0cumpli<\/span><\/span>miento<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>las obligaciones<\/span><\/span>internacionales\u00a0del Estado,\u00a0sin caer en la instrumentalizaci\u00f3n del sufrimiento humano que afecta a los haitianos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. El anteproyecto\u00a0fue retirado\u00a0para generar\u00a0los\u00a0consensos necesarios.\u00a0Hay\u00a0que recordar, sin embargo,\u00a0que las v\u00edctimas de la trata<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> en la mayor\u00eda dominicanas y dominicanos, <\/span><\/span>siguen esperando protecci\u00f3n y justicia. No\u00a0debemos abandonarlas\u00a0en su dolor y sufrimiento y <\/span><\/span>en ese sentido, <\/span><\/span>como <\/span><\/span>ciudadanos<\/span><\/span> o servidores p\u00fablicos,<\/span><\/span>tenemos<\/span><\/span> que perseverar\u00a0en la lucha contra <\/span><\/span><\/a>este flagelo.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Santo Domingo de Guzm\u00e1n, Rep\u00fablica Dominicana._ En un art\u00edculo de su autor\u00eda publicado este 16 de febrero de 2023 en el peri\u00f3dico List\u00edn Diario, el canciller Roberto \u00c1lvarez afirm\u00f3 que el proyecto de modificaci\u00f3n a la ley 137-03 sobre Trata de Personas y Tr\u00e1fico Il\u00edcito de Migrantes no regula el refugio o el asilo de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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